Proceedings of the International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, Castelgandolfo, Italy, 1980
About The Rome Conference
PREFACE
The International Symposium on Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Grains was held at Castelgandolfo, near Rome, Italy, from 12th to 15th May 1980 . It was o rganized by ASSORENI (Association of ENI Companies for Scientific Research) and co-sponsored by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), ICC (International Association for Cereal Chemistry) and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Nearly one hundred participants from 26 countries were present.
The Symposium was characterized, (as Dr. Calverley put it in his final address on behalf of the participants) "by the absence of the professional convention attendants and, on the contrary, by the attendance of those people who can bring experience and erudition to the discussion of the controlled atmosphere storage technology". It was the first international symposium ever held on this particular subject and therefore the whole breadth of the field of grain storage in controlled atmospheres was included in the six sessions, from naturally produced oxygen-poor atmospheres in underground pits to sophisticated automatic inert gas industrial storage facilities.
Already during this Symposium, several participants called for further meetings on some of the more problem-loaded aspects of modern controlled atmosphere storage and disinfestation of grains: gas-tight facilities, sealing practices, inert gas production, high moisture grain storage. I do hope that the ASSORENI initiative in organizing this meeting will therefore be followed elsewhere in the world to permit a further diffusion of this environment-friendly, economical and safe preservation technique in modern storage facilities.
I should like to acknowledge the important support given to me by Prof. E. Cernia, President of ASSORENI, and Dr. G. Nencini, Vice-Director of the Basic Research Laboratory of ASSORENI, during the organization of the Symposium.
Thanks are due to Mr. G. G. Corbett and Dr. H. R. Shuyler of FAO for the many suggestions during the preparation of the meeting and to Harlan and Sedley Shuyler for proof-reading of the Session 7 manuscript.
The Symposium was made possible by financing by ASSORENI and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs made a grant for the participation of some representatives from Developing Countries.
The contributions given to the organization of the meeting and the typing of the Proceedings by Miss Marilina Frondaroli, Miss Serenella Gambini, Mrs. Maria Grazia Nobili and Miss Emanuela Soldati of ASSORENI were invaluable.
The Proceedings volume follows the lay-out of the Symposium itself and the 7 chapters correspond to the 6 Sessions of original papers and the Round Table Discussion Session.
The papers are reproduced by off-set, direct photographic reproduction of the manuscripts, as they were submitted by the authors for publication. The wrap-up reports were retyped from the rapporteurs' manuscripts and the Round Table Discussion was completely transcribed from a tape recording.
Finally, I should like to thank my wife and my sons Mira, Martin and Christian, for their understanding during the many months in which they saw so much less of me than usual.
Table of Contents Full-Papers
SESSION 1: NATURAL AIR-TIGHT STORAGE
Significance of underground storage in traditional systems of grain production
P. Sigaut
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Studies on the preservation of foodgrains under natural airtight storage
G. K. Girish
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Underground storage in some Arab countries
A. H. Kamel
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Field experience with hermetic storage of grain in Eastern Africa with emphasis on structures intended for faming reserves
C. P. F. De Lima
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Effect of airtight storage on insect pests of stored products
N. J. Burrell
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SESSION 2: ENTOMOLOGY OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE
Low temperatures: effects on control of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) with modified atmospheres
E. Jay
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Integrated approach to the use of controlled atmospheres for insect control in grain storage
S. Navarro and M. Calderon
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Synergistic effect of CO₂ and O₂ mixtures on two stored grain insect pests
M. Calderon and S. Navarro
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Mortality of various stored product insects in low oxygen atmospheres produced by an exothermic inert atmosphere generator
C. L. Storey
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Susceptibility of the life stage of Sitophilus zeamais and Trogoderma Granarium larvae to nitrogen atmosphere in minisilos
J. O. Williams, S. A. Adesuyi and J. Shejbal
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A review of recent studies of the effect of controlled atmospheres on stored roduct pests
S. W. Bailey and B. J. Banks
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SESSION 3: MICROBIOLOGY OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE
Microbiology of controlled atmosphere storage of grains – An overview
F. F. Busta, L. B. smith and C. H. Christensen
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Oxygen depletion as a method in grain storage: microbiological basis
J. Pelhats
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Effect of nitrogen storage on the fungal contamination of cereal grains
D. Di Maggio
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Influence of nitrogen on the growth of some storage fungal on moist wheat
M. Serafini, A. A. Fabbri, J. Shejbal, C. Fanelli, D. Di Maggio and A. Rambelli
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Wet grains storages under modified atmospheres. Microbiological aspects
D. Richard-Molard, H. Cahagnier and J. Poison
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SESSION 4: ARTIFICIAL CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE
Storability of cereal grains and oil seeds in nitrogen
J. Shejbal
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Experimental and commercial modified atmosphere treatments of stored grain in Australia
B. J. Banks and P. C. Annis
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Methods of applying carbon dioxide for insect control in stored grains
E. Jay
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Advances in grain storage in a CO₂ atmoshere in Japan
H. Mitsuda and A. Yamamoto
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Characteristics of carbon dioxide gas adsorption by grain and its components
A. Yamamoto and H. Mitsuda
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Application of artificial controlled atmospheres to grain storage in the tropics: case study of Nigeria
S. A. Adesuyi, J. Shejbal, J. O. Oyeniran, F. O. Kuku, O. Sowunmi, O. Akinnusi and O. Onayemi
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Adiabetic storage trials as an experimental tool for predicting storability in artificial controlled atmospheres
L. Tranchino, R. Cavaioli, P. Catani, V. Costa and J. Shejbal
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SESSION 5: PRESERVATION OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES
Changes in quality of wheat during 18 years storage
S. W. Pixton
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Functional and end-use properties of various commodities stored in a low oxygen atmosphere
C. L. Storey
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Preservation of chemical parameters in cereal grains stored in nitrogen
G. Quaglia, R. Cavaioli, P. Catani, J. Shejbal and M. Lombardi
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Changes in the rheological characteristics and baking quality of wheat at different moisture contents stored under nitrogen
N. Lombardi, C. Quaglia, P. Catani, R. Cavaioli and E. Caproni
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Preservation of chemical and organoleptic parameters in different varieties of hazelnuts in nitrogen and in air
T. Keme, F. Vitali, M. Messerli, R. Nappucci and J. Shejbal
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Environmental influence of inert gas on the hermetic storage of unpolished rice
S. Yanai and T. Ishitani
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Behaviour of repeseeds and sunflower seeds stored in airtight conditions. Evolutuion of microflora and fat acidity.
J. Poison, B. Cahagnier and D. Richard-Molard
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SESSION 6: FACILITIES FOR ARTIFICIAL CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Simulation model of two-dimensional heat transfer in controlled-atmoshere grain bins.
W. E. Muir, B. M. Fraser and R. N. Sinha.
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Water vapour and heat transfers in grains silos and their consequences on storage.
J-L Multon
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Problems and their solutions found in the construction of concrete bins for hermetic storage.
A. H. Kamel, E. E. Fam and E. G. Jay.
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Requirements for the integration of large-scale hermetic storage facilities with conventional systems.
C. P. F. De Lima.
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Controlled atmosphere grain storage in China.
C. Rannfeit.
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The first Italian large scale facilities for the storage of cereal grains in nitrogen.
L. Tranchino, F. Agostinelli, A. Costantini and J. Shejbal.
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Conversion of existing grain storage structures for modified atmosphere use.
A. J. Banks and P. C. Annis.
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Pneumatically formed reinforced concrete domes for grain storage facilities built with Binishells technology.
A. Michelagnoli.
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Economic aspects of nitrogen storage of grains.
L. tranchino
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System of supply of nitrogen for the storage of grains in controlled atmosphere.
K. Zanon.
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Seal-O-Silo system (method for restoring airtightness of reinforced concrete silos used for storage of cereals.
H. Takada, T. Yoshida and N. Nonaka.
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