CAF: The International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products
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Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, Chengdu, China, 2008

About The Chengdu Conference

Preface

International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (CAF) is one of the two foremost international conferences in protection of stored products. It is held in different countries every four years after the first conference in 1980. The first conference had been held in Rome of Italy in 1980 and then the conferences had been held separately in Perth of Australia in Singapore in Winnipegh of Canada in Nicosia of Cyprus in Fresno of America and in Brisbane of Australia. This is the 8th CAF conference CAF 2008 held in Chengdu P. R. China. It's the first time to hold CAF in China.

The theme of CAF 2008 is Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation - Green Safe Harmony and Development. Green is an eternal topic in protection of stored products. Safe is the safeguard of life and property. Harmony is a common wish of people. Development is a common goal of human beings. Surrounding this theme this conference includes ten session topics such as 1) Advances in the basic studies on the application of Controlled Atmospheres CA and Fumigation, 2) Substitutes for Methyl Bromide and replacement technologies, 3) Safety of products under CA and Fumigation (effects on quality of stored products), protection of the environment human health issues, 4) Application technologies and safe practices of CA and Fumigation treatments, 5) Sealing techniques and CA engineering 6) Effects on insect control and Economic Thresholds (ET), 7) Operation regulation and technique standards for CA and Fumigation, 8) CA and Fumigation - Insect resistance and management strategies, 9) Achievements of CA and Fumigation and development trends, 10) Technology transfer and international cooperation in CA and Fumigation. A platform will be offered to communicate the innovative fruits in research and development of controlled atmosphere and fumigation in stored products to discuss the development of this field to strengthen international communication and cooperation and to promote the common development to contribute more for human beings.

During the preparatory work of CAF 2008 the Organizing Committee had call for papers in global range and received 181 papers. After review by experts session chairs organizing committee and CAF Permanent Committee (CAF PC) confirmed 137 papers for conference presentation in conference. According to the suggestion of CAF Permanent Committete the conference proceedings will be published before conference with title Proceedings of the 8ᵗʰ International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products.

In preparation and organization of this conference we had obtained great supports from State Administration of Grain of P. R. China (SAG) Chinese Cereals and Oils Association (CCOA) China Grain Reserves Corporation and China National Cereals Oils and Foodstuff Co. (COFCO) . We had also got the unselfish supervise from Chair and Secretary of CAF PC Dr. J. Banks and Dr. S. Navarro got support and help from members of CAF PC such as Dr. Yonglin Ren etc session chairs. On behalf of Organizing Committee of CAF 2008 I sincerely appreciate them all. Here I also want to give special appreciation to Prof. Wang Jinjun Dr. Shlomo Navarro Dr. Jim Leesch Mr. Wang Yuejin Dr. Jonathan Banks Dr. Tom Batchelor Dr. An Yulin Prof. Dagmar Klementz Prof. Zhang Hongyu Dr. Yonglin Ren Dr. Ronald Noyes Mr. Wang Yanan Prof. Digvir Jayas Prof. Wang Dianxuan Prof. Greg Daglish Dr. Zeng Ling Dr. Dirk Maier Prof. Cao Yang Dr. Pat Collins Prof. Deng Yongxue Dr. James Throne Dr. Bhadriraju Subramanyam Dr. Niu Xinghe and Mr. David Fienberg for their huge contribution to paper review and editing.

Even though we try our best to guarantee the quality in review and editing time is very limited for the publication of the papers before conference and English is not the mother language in China some oversights or flaws are hard to avoid. We look forward to your kind understanding.

Signature:
Liu Xinjiang Conference chair


Obituary

An appreciation of Jonathan Ezra Donahaye

(1935 - 2008)

(Image of J.E. Donahaye)

Jonathan Donahaye was born in Toulouse France in 1935. He obtained his B. Sc. at the University of London Imperial College before emigrating to Israel in 1960 where he was one of the founders of the Stored Products Research Laboratory Ministry of Agriculture in Jaffa. In 1986 he submitted his dissertation to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem where he was duly awarded his doctorate. In 1989 he spent a sabbatical year with the World Hunger Program at Brown University, Rhode Island USA. In 1992 he was promoted to Grade A Research Scientist equivalent to University Professor at the Israel Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) and 2 years later Jonathan was elected as Head of the Department of Stored Products at the ARO.

He served as lecturer and consultant for the Israel Foreign Assistance Service and FAO on the conservation of stored products in the Far East Africa and South America. Searching for viable, innovative and appropriate technologies that can be easily implemented where they are needed Jonathan became a leading researcher in developing non-chemical postharvest technologies he worked on chilling systems on modified atmospheres and on the hermetic storage of products that need protection from insects, mites and mold damage in semi-permanent plastic storage structures.

Jonathan was known for his many talents. He loved woodwork and he built guitars and lutes. Among other activities he also established a website on fountain pens ( http//www.FTIC.info/Donahaye/ConwayStewart/ ) and another on the insects that he loved Insects of the Land of Israel ( http//www.FTIC.info/Donahaye/insects/israeliinsects.html ).

Jonathan retired in 2000 but continued with his professional interests and served as consultant on various missions and in publications within a consultancy company he established together with his colleagues. He edited the book of Proceedings of the International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products which was held in Australia in 2004, and established a website for this book ( http//www.ftic.info/CAFSITE/CAF.html ).

Jonathan was active in publications of post?harvest technologies and was on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Stored Products from 1999 until his death.

He passed away on January 23, 2008. He leaves his wife Marcel a daughter and a son and 6 grand children. We all will miss Jonathan he will remain in our memories as a talented entomologist, an excellent scientist a very good companion and as a person with goodwill to help others.

Shlomo Navarro
Post Harvest Entomologist FTIC Food Technology International Consultancy Ltd.
Secretary of the International Conferences on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products Permanent Committee Israel
E - mail address snavarro@ftic.info

Yang Jian
Secretary General of Organizing Committee of CAF 2008
Secretary General of Storage Branch of CCOA
Vice director of CSR


Contents

Current Situation and Development Tendency of Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation Technology in Chinese Grain Storage
Zhu Changguo
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Session 1

Advances in Postharvest Pest Control on Perishable Commodities Using Ultralow Oxygen Treatment and Low Temperature Phosphine Fumigation
Yong-Biao Liu
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The Mortality Response of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Eggs to Diurnal Interrupted Doses of Phosphine (PH₃)
Stephen Beckett
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Respiration of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) at Different Oxygen Concentrations
Cao Yang Zhou Jia Li Guangtao Li Yanyu Qu Guiqiang Zhou Sixu and Lang Tao
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Toxicity Effects of High Carbon Dioxide Modified Atmospheres in Combination with Sulphur Dioxide on the Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae
Jordi Riudavets Rosa Gabarra Mª José Pons Cristina Castañé Oscar Alomar and Sonia Guri
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Application of Controlled Atmospheres and Fumigation in Control of Psocids
Dou Wei Wang Jinjun Wu Shuang Tang Peian and Deng Yongxue
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Efficacy of Ethanedinitile ( C₂N₂ ) against Some Cereal Pathogens
C. J. Waterford and Gary L. Peterson
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The Inhibition Effect of Low Oxygen on Four Species of Stored Grain Insect Pests
Cao Yang Li Guangtao Zhou Jia Li Yanyu and Qu Guiqiang
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Epicarp of Citrus sinensis (Osbeck): A Potential Source as a Fungitoxic and Insecticidal Fumigant for the Management of Storage Fungi and Pests
Neeta Sharma and Abhishek Tripathi
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Development of the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) at a Reduced Oxygen Atmosphere
Qu Guiqiang Cao Yang and Li Yanyu
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Biochemical Mechanisms of Phosphine Action and Resistnace
Jujiao Kuang Steven Zuryn Nick Valmas Ubon Cha on Yi Wen Cui, Qiang Cheng Andrew Tuck, Pat Collins and Paul Ebert
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Insecticidal Effect of Ozone against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera:Bostrychidae), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum
Jacquelin Du Val Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Influence of Commodity C. G. Athanassiou, D. N. Milonas and C. J. Saitanis
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Increased Fecundity in Strains of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) after Ten Generations of Selection with Methyl bromide
C. J. Waterford and R. G. Winks
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Session 2

Development of an Organic Stored Product Pest Control Treatment Station Utilizing Nitrogen for Shipment Containers
Dale Jude P. Moog and Dirk E. Maier
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Ethyl Formate Plus Methyl Isothiocyanate is a Potential Liquid Fumigant for Stored Grains
Yonglin. Ren T. Van Emmerik D. A. Mahon ByungHo Lee and B. Padovan
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The Role of The Montreal Protocol in Reducing Quarantine and Pre-shipment Uses of Methyl Bromide
Tom Batchelor and Melanie Miller
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Toxic Activities of Allicin on Several Stored Product Pests
Lu Yujie Zhong Jianfeng and Fan Lei
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Impact of Sulfuryl Fluoride Fumigation and Heat Treatment on Stored-Product Insect Populations in German Flour Mills
Otto Mück and Jürgen Böye
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Gasified Pirimiphos-methyl Control of Stored-grain Insects
Xie Xiongping, Lei Yuesheng, Xie Nieping, Wan Qing, Nie Siqiao, Xiang Chuhua, Zhou Hao and Yan Xiaoping
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The Use of Gaseous Ozone to Control Pests in Export Commodities
James G. Leesch and J. Steven Tebbets
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Fumigant Activities of Three Plant Powders against Stored Grain Beetles
Akinkurolere R. O., Xie Jun, Yi Shixiao, You Hongguang and Zhang Hongyu
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Efficacy of Ozone Fumigation to Control some Stored Product Insects
Lidia Limonta, Massimiliano Stampini and Daria Patrizia Locatelli
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Fumigation Efficacy of Ethyl Formate against Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst)
Tang Peian, Deng Yongxue, Wang Jinjun, Yang Longde, Yang Zili and Jiang Tianke
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Observations on the Activity of Insect Pests inside and outside two Flour Mills
Sara Savoldelli Roberto Barotti and Luciano Süss
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Toxicity of Ethyl Formate on Adults of Liposcelis entomophila
Deng Yongxue, Wang Jinjun and Li Jun
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Carbon Dioxide - The Veteran and Versatile Fumigant
Robert F. Ryan
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Fumigant Activities of 2 Essential Oils Extracted from Dried Fruits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum against the Adults of Sitophilus zeamais
Deng Yongxue, Wang Jinjun, Liu Yinghong and Nie Xiaoyan
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Alternatives to Methyl Bromide in Italian Food Industries. Results of Two-year Practical Applications
Luciano Süss and Sara Savoldelli
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Preliminary Study on Adsorption and Degradation of Methyl Bromide by Activated Carbon
Rong Xiaodong, Chen Xiaofan and Hu Xuenan
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Integrated Pest Management in the Italian Mill Industry
Sara Savoldelli and Elena Panzeri
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Vapormate® as a Quarantine Fumigant for Orange Treatment
Bo Kyung Sung, Min Goo Park, Robert Ryan, Yonglin Ren, ByungHo Lee and Tae Joon Kim
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Fumigation Efficacy of Ethyl Formate on Wheat, Corn and Rice in Sealed Desiccators
He Yanping, Xu Li, Chen Sisi, Xu Guangwen and Xie Lingde
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Semi-continuous Ozonation System for Pest Control
J. D. Mcclurkin, Carlos A. Campabadal and Dirk E. Maier
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Toxicity of Ethyl Formate to Three Stored Grain Insects in Absence of Grain
Xu Li, He Yanping, Chen Sisi, Pan Jun and Xie Lingde
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Alternatives to Methyl Bromide in Grain Management in Kenya
Kimondo Mutambuki, J. N. Mbugua, C. M. Ngatia, P. W. Likhayo and G. N. Kibata
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Session 3

Integrated Storage Pest Management System by Application of Ware House Neem (Brand: Wellsto) (Azadirachtin 1 500 ppm min.)
Chadda I. C., Vithal P. S. R. V. S., Arora K. K., Jayaraj K., Chenchaiah B. and Sashidhar C.
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Mortality of Three Stored Product Pests Exposed to Sulfuryl Fluoride in Laboratory and Field Tests
Yan Xiaoping, Chai Yuxin, Xu Guogan, Zhang Juan, Sun Jiade, Shan Guangli, Jiang Shengjie and Wang Jialiang
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Phosphine Dosimeter Tubes An Alternate Approach for Fumigation Monitoring
R. C. Naik and R. D. Shroff
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The Quality of Candle Nut (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.) Stored under Controlled Atmosphere
Okky Setyawati, Dharmaputra Hadi, Karia Purwadaria and Syarip Lambaga
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Research on the Influence of Carbon Dioxide Content, Exposure and Temperature on the Quality of Stored Paddy Rice with Different Moisture Contents
Fu Pengcheng, Ye Zhenhong and Li Rongtao
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Fumisense An Instrument for the Measurement of Phosphine, Methyl Bromide and Sulfuryl Fluoride during Fumigation
R. C. Naik and R. D. Shroff
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Effect of Ozone Gas on Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K.) Mycoflora and Aflatoxin Reduction
Giordano, B. N. E. Simão, V. and Scussel, V. M.
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Application Analysis on Alternative Technologies for Methyl Bromide Phase - out in Chinese Grain Storage Industries
Zhou Hao, Yan Xiaoping, Li Wanwu, Guo Daolin, Xu Shengwei and Lan Shengbin
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Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Potentiality of Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus) Oil against the Almond Moth (Cadra cautella Walker Lepidoptera : Phycitidae)
Ashish Pandey and Ankita Pandey
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Application Researches on Fumigation by Combination Sulfuryl Fluoride with Carbon Dioxide in Cereals
Xu Guogan, Shan Guangli, Jiang Shengjie, Sun Jiade, Jiang Lichao, Chi Caifeng and Shan Guanghui
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Measuring New Fumigants with Dräger Tubes®
Bettina Runge
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Evaluation of Closed Loop Fumigation in Large Steel Unsealed Silos in Western Australia
Christopher R. Newman
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Session 4

Ground Level Phosphine Application Systems - Towards a Safer Workplace
Christopher R. Newman
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Hermetic Storage of High Moisture Corn under Tropical Conditions
Arnold R. Elepano and Shlomo Navarro
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Research on Prevention Effect of Grain Pest by CO₂ Controlled Atmosphere
Zhang Funian, Chen Defa, Liu Qiang, Chen Biren and Li Hongyang
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CTP Model for Optimum Efficacy of Closed Loop Fumigation (CLF) Systems in Partially Sealed Storages
Ronald T. Noyes and Thomas W. Phillips
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Test on Recirculation Fumigation under Film With Mixed Gas of PH₃ - CO₂ in Steel Cylinder
Yang Xinzhong, Song Lishan, Li Hailong, Xin Liyong, Li Guangtao, Shi Zhiguo, Liu Guihe, Li Yanyu and Cao Yang
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Field Trial Report on the Application Nitrogen (N₂) to Maintain Grain Quality
Luo Feitian, Tang Shangqiang, Ling Caiqing and Pang Zhen
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SuperGrainBag: Hermetic Bag Liner for Insect Control of Stored Cocoa Beans in Ghana
W. A. Jonfia-Essien, S. Navarro and J. V. Dator
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Comparing Application of Slow-releasing Fumigation in Large Warehouse
Deng Zhonghua
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Report on Tests of Aluminum Phosphide Fumigation through Different Application and Recirculation Methods
Chen Qiaoli, Wu Weiping, Mai Chaoxiong, Jiao Linhai, Chen Quanxin and Wei Yunzhe
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Effectiveness of Hermetic Storage in Insect Control and Quality Preservation of Cocoa Beans in Ghana
W. A. Jonfia-Essien, S. Navarro and J. V. Dator
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An Antibacterial Test by Using High Concentration of Phosphine in South China Region on Corn Storage
Li Linjie, Shi Guowei and Lei Conglin
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The Study on Low Concentration Carbon Dioxide Controlled Atmosphere Storage
Liang Anyu
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Research about the Technologies of PH₃ Recirculatory Fumigation in Squat Silos in the Ecological Regions of Medium Temperature and Low RH
Lu Xianli, Li Zongliang, Yu Jieqing and Luo Fang
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AlP Low Dosage Recirculation Fumigation under Film through PH₃ Dynamic Deliquescence
Wu Hongyan
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Characteristic of Fumigation Test on Stored - grain Insects in the Northeast Area of China
Liu Changsheng, Wang Dehua, Cao Yi, Dong Dianwen, Hao Liqun and Zhang Changqing
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Case Study : The Use of Low-Oxygen ECO₂ Controlled Atmosphere Method to Control Insects in Sesame Seed and Dried Figs from Greece
Fred Bergwerff and Vasilios Sotiroudas
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Research into the Pest Prevention of Stored Grain in Underground Warehouse with New Earth - Structure
Zhang Longchuan, Sun Yuhua and Wang Guoli
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Fumigation Activity of Plant Essential Oils against the Adults of Rhizopertha dominic
Zeng Ling, Lao Chuanzhong, Zhang Xinfu and Xian Qing
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Two Stage System for the Destruction of Methyl Bromide from Fumigation Ventilation Streams
Peter J. Joyce and Roman Bielski
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Research of Phosphine Re-circulation under Plastic Sheet for Grain Fumigation in Horizontal Warehouse with Aluminium Phosphide in Air-duct
Tian Hua, Zhou Shifa, Chen Mingwei and Gong Qing
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Application of Phosphine Slow-releasing Fumigation
Lu Jianhua, Liu Shulun, Jia Shengli, Wang Sulin, Wang Fengqi and Liu Guoqi
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Closed Loop Fumigation of a Small Rural Concrete Elevator in a Growing Urban Setting
C. L. Jones, E. L. Bonjour, R. L. Beeby, R. T. Noyes and T. W. Phillips
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Partial Pest Fumigation Technology Research for Grain Piles
Guo Changzheng, Hu Hongming, Jia Xianzhong and Zhu Anding
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Phosphine Fumigation by Aluminium Phosphide Decomposing in Air Mixed with Dichlorvos
Tian Hua, Zhou Shifa, Chen Mingwei, Zheng Tianyang, Yan Shengli, Song Jinguang and Gai Yuwei
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ECO₂ Controlled Atmosphere Low-Oxygen Disinfestation of Post Harvest Commodities, Structures, Silos and (export / import) Containers
Nico Vroom and Jacobien van Golen
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Circulation Fumigation with Phosphine in a Large Warehouse
Zhou Zhongjie and Wen Shengshan
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Test on Recirculation Fumigation under Plastic Sheet in Squat Silo
Wu Jiang, Lu Juncang, Yang Dong, Wang Zhe, Qiang Jingzhi and Zeng Xiaofan
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Application of Sealed Flexible Vacuum - Hermetic Storage System for Quality Preservation of Turkish Red Chili Pepper
Ali Arda IşIKBER, Serdar ÖZTEKİN Ahmet Doğan DUMAN, Sinan DAYISOYLU and Yurtsever SOYSAL
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Research on Different Fumigation Methods for Controlling Booklice (Psocids)
Deng Shuhua and Chen Quling
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Phosphine Recirculation Fumigation in Horizontal Storage in Low-temperature and Dry Region
Wu Lei, Ai Shaozi and Liu Ningquan
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QuickPHlo - R Formulation Fumigant Generators a New Safer and Environmentally Friendly : Phosphine Fumigation Process
Pushpaksen. P. Asher
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Studies on the Models of Electronic Supervision in Methyl Bromide Fumigation of Wood Packing Materials
Jin Guangyao, Tang Zheng, Wu Xinhua, Ma Jianhua and Huang Jiaping
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Methyl Bromide Recapture Technology
Wil Grullemans
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Methyl Bromide (MeBr) as a Quarantine Treatment for Some Insects in Wood
Huang Qinglin, Kang Fenfen, Lou Xuri and Liu Yongsheng
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Modified Atmosphere Applications in Museums
Mevlüt EMEKCI and Ahmet Güray FERIZLI
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Controlling Insects by Ozone in a Wheat Storehouse
Li Zhimin and Cao Yuede
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Fumigation Applications in Historical Buildings
Ahmet Güray FERIZLI and Mevlüt EMEKCI
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Applied Research on Controlling Stored-grain Insects with Nitrogen
Chen Mingshun, Xu Decun, Wan Chunmiao and Song Wei
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Session 5

Freight Containers - Are They Sufficiently Gastight for Quarantine & Pre-shipment Fumigation with Methyl Bromide in the 21ˢᵗ Century?
J. E. van Someren Graver and H. J. Banks
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Effect of Airtightness Improvement in High Flat Warehouse on Recirculation Fumigation
Cui Dongyi and Wang Na
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Application Research on Sealing Technologies of CO₂ MA Granary and MA Grain Storage Technologies
Ma Zhongping, Ma Honglin, He Qile and Liao Guiyong
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Contrast Trial about the Relationship between Gas Tightness and Fumigation Effect
Zou Jiancheng, Ou Guoqing, Jiang Chungui, Wang Yaowu and Liu Yuchen
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Evaluation of Large, odern Warehouse Storages Designed and Constructed for Application of Carbon Dioxide
Guo Daolin, Lan Shengbin, Yang Jian, Zhang Huachang, Li Wanwu, Ding Jianwu, Zhang Fang, Yan Xiaoping, Tao Cheng, Wu Youhua, Ding Chaoming, Xu Shengwei, Zhou Hao, Wu Fang, Tu Jie, Ma Honglin, He Qile, Ma Zhongping, Liao Guiyong and Long Liguang
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Experiment on Grain Storage by Controlled Atmosphere with Carbon Dioxide
Zheng Wei, Zhou Yungen, Rao Mingquan, Gao Zhidan and Wang Jingcai
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Air-Tightness Treatment and Performance Analysis of Grain Warehouse in Northeast Region
Liu Changsheng, Cao Yi, Zhou Gangxia, Zhao Xu, Gao Shucheng and Deng Huichao
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Effect of Sealing Treatment for Warehouse and Grain Surface in High Flat Warehouse on Natural Oxygen Reducing
Gu Wenyi, Zou Wei, Liu Hongyan, Mo Dailiang, Chen Jibin, Niu Quan and Cao Yang
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Session 6

Combining the Benefits of Cooling and Phosphine Fumigation to Meet the Biosecurity Challenge Posed by Grain Insects
G. J. Daglish, H. Pavic, P. R. Burrill, J. C. Holloway and C. R. Newman
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Survey and Analysis of Economic Thresholds for Insect Pest Control in Grain Storage in the Fujian Area of China
Chen Ping, Zhang Huimin, Lu Quanxiang and Zheng Lifang
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Fumigant Effect of Essential Oils of Several Species of Plants on Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)
Yang Shan, Qiao Lili, Cai Wanlun, Hua Hongxia, Zhang Hongyu and Yang Changju
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Effect of Different Quantities of Wheat on the Effectiveness of the Essential Oil Cineole against Stored Grain Insect Pests
Vlatka Rozman, Zlatko Korunic and Irma Kalinovic
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Study on the Control Flat Grain Beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus. Stephens) Effectively with Multi-Fumigation Technology and Multi-Pesticide
Wang Yanan, Li Jiahai and He Feng
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The Potential Use of Natural Essential Oils in the Fumigation of Stored Agricultural Products
Zlatko Korunic, Vlatka Rozman and Irma Kalinovic
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Preliminary Analysis on Effects of Killing Insects and Economy in the Prevention and Treatment for Stored Grain Pests
Zhu Yong, Yang Song and Lu Xingwen
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Efficacy of Ozone against Insect Pests in Wheat Stored in Steel Grain Bins
E. L. Bonjour, C. L. Jones, R. T. Noyes, J. Hardin, R. L. Beeby, D. A. Eltiste and S. Decker
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Application of Economic Threshold Level in Stored Grain Fumigation for Controlling of Pests
Luo Fang, Li Zongliang, Yu Jieqing and Lu Xianli
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Sulfuryl Fluoride - Efficacy against Tribolium castaneum and Ephestia kuehniella and Residues of the Gas in Flour after Fumigations of Mills
D. Klementz, W. Rassmann and Ch. Reichmuth
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Response of Trogoderma granarium (Everts) to Different Combinations of Phosphine and Acorus calamus Oil
Mansoor-ul-Hasan Muhammad Sagheer and Farooq Ahmad
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Session 7

Improving Structural Fumigation from Engineering Perspectives
Dirk E. Maier, Watcharapol Chayaprasert and Klein E. Ileleji
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Early Detection of Spoiled Grain Stored in Hermetic Plastic Bags (Silo-bags) Using CO₂ Monitoring
Ricardo Bartosik, Leandro Cardoso and Juan Rodríguez
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The Need to Update a Practical Guide Related to the Cycle for Fumigation of Grains as a Function of Research and Technological Progress
Danilo J. Mejia Lorio
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Introduction of the Technical Regulation for CA Storage of Grain by Purging Carbon Dioxide in China
Wang Shuanglin and Tu Jie
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Factors Affecting Carbon Dioxide Concentration in Interstitial Air of Soybean Stored in Hermetic Plastic Bags Silo-bag
Leandro Cardoso, Ricardo Bartosik, Juan Rodríguez and Darío Ochandio
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Some Keys and Discussion about Recommended Regulation of Phosphine Fumigation for Chinese Grain Storage
Wang Dianxuan and Bian Ke
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Regulation and Management of Fumigations through the Australian Fumigation Accreditation Scheme (AFAS)
David Cox
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Phase-out of Methyl Bromide in Grain Storage in Indonesia
Sri Widayanti, National Ozone Unit, Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra, Purnama Hidayat and Sunjaya
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Efficacy of Sulfuryl Fluoride on Stored Grain Pests in a Warehouse Trial in China
Zeng Ling, Zhang Xinfu, Xian Qing and Chen Jiadong
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A Review of the Global Applications of ECO₂ FUME and VAPORPH₃ OS Cylinderized Phosphine Fumigants for Stored Products Disinfestation
Roger Cavasin, Justin Tumambing and Mike DePalo
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Factors Affecting Carbon Dioxide Concentration in Interstitial Air of Wheat Stored in Hermetic Plastic Bags (Silo-bag)
Juan Rodríguez Ricardo Bartosik Leandro Cardoso and Diego Crocce
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Session 8

DNA Testing for Phosphine Resistance - The Future of Resistance Monitoring and Management
David I. Schlipalius, Rajeswaran Jagadeesan, Yosep Mau, Patrick J. Collins and Paul R. Ebert
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Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Four New cDNA Fragments of Cytochrome P450 from Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera : Liposcelididae)
Jiang Hongbo, Wang Jinjun, Xu Yongqiang and An Fengming
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Resistance and Genetic Differentiation of Rhyzopertha dominica to Phosphine among Different Geographical Populations in China: a Preliminary Study
Song Xuhong, Sebastien Boyer, Zhao Yongshun, Li Xiaoxue, Zhang Jundang Zhou Changjin Huang Feng and Zhang Hongyu
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How to Effectively Control Phosphine-resistance Development in Stored Grain Insects by Integrated Pest Management
Cai Yuchi, Wang Hui, Lin Jinhuo and Zheng Qiang
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Studies on Prevention of Resistance in Cryptolestes Ferrugineus
Li Lanfang and Yan Zhongjun
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Review: Resistance to Insecticides in Stored-product Insects and Its Mechanisms
Sebastien Boyer, Xiong Heming, Wang Xiaoqing, Zhou Tianzhi and Zhang Hongyu
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A Field Trial of Phosphine Fumigation on a High Resistant Strain of Rusty Grain Beetle in Paddy Rice Stored in Horizontal Storage
Wang Dianxuan, Kuang Guozhu and Jiang Shecai
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Studies on Development of Resistance in Different Strains of Trogoderma granarium (Everts) to Phosphine Fumigation in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Sagheer, Muhammad Akram, Mansoor-ul-Hasan and Farooq Ahmad
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Session 9

Recent Developments in Hermetic Storage Technology Using Sealed Flexible Storage Structures
P. Villers, S. Navarro and T. De Bruin
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The Fumigation Bioactivities of Three Kinds of Plant Extracts on Four Species of Important Stored-grain Insects
Lu Jianhua, Zou Zheng and Wang Dianxuan
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Achievements of Modified Atmospheres and Fumigation in Israel
Shlomo Navarro
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Research Progress on Modified Atmosphere Technologies in China
Fu Pengcheng and Tao Cheng
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An Urban Eradication of Khapra Beetle in Western Australia
Robert N Emery, Ernestos Kostas and Michelle Chami
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Advancement of Fumigation Technologies on Grain Storage in China
Li Wanwu, Tao Cheng, Yan Xiaoping and Wang Haipeng
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Evaluating Importance and Implementation of the Building Pressurization Test in Structural Fumigation Using Computer Simulations
Watcharapol Chayaprasert, Dirk E. Maier and Klein E. Ileleji
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Interests in the Mixture Ethyl Formate / Allyl Isothiocyanate for the Fumigation of Infested Wheat by the Rice Weevil: Sitophilus oryzae L. and the Granary Weevil: Sitophilus granarius L.
CIESLA Yann and DUCOM Patrick
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Fumigant Activity of Essential Oil from Armoracia rusticana (L.) against Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)
Chen Haoliang, Xiong Heming, Akinkurolere R. O., Zou Jianghan, Xu Hebing and Zhang Hongyu
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Commercializing a New Fumigant: The ProFume® Success Story
Ellen Thoms, John Busacca and Suresh Prabhakaran
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Effects of Outside Air Temperature on Movement of Phosphine Gas in Concrete Elevator Bins
Paul Flinn and Carl Reed
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Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in India - a Professional Pest Managers View Point
B. Pruthi, N. Pruthi and S. Pruthi
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Some Research Progresses of Stored - grain Protection in China
Li Xingjun and Luan Xia
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Session 10

Use of Computer-assisted Learning in Training on Grain Quality Management
George Srzednicki and Barry Longstaff
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Sino - Australia Cooperation in Grain Storage Technology - an Example of Successful Institutional Cooperation
Li Jian, Niu Xinghe, Guo Daolin, George Srzednicki and Yuan Zuoyun
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Abstract Session

The Effect of Grain Temperature on the Toxicity of Phosphine against Phosphine - Resistant Insect Pests of Stored Grain
Patrick J. Collins and Manoj K. Nayak
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Study on the Sorption, Desorption and Accumulation of Phosphine Residue on Multi-fumigated Grains
Yonglin Ren, Mahon Daphne and Julie Cassells
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Ethanedinitrile (C₂ N₂) is a Potential Fumigant for Grain, Timber and Soil
Yonglin Ren and ByungHo Lee
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Implementing a No Entry Phosphine Fumigation Strategy
David Fienberg
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Managing Resistance in a Single Fumigant Environment - An Industry Perspective
David Fienberg
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Recent Developments in the Application of CYTEC Cylinderized Phosphine Fumigants for Timber, Logs and Horticultural Produce
Justin Tumambing, Roger Cavasin and Mike DePalo
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Control of Mites and Insects in Pet Food Packages Using Controlled Atmospheres
Bhadriraju Subramanyam and Xingwei Hou
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