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CAF: The International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products

Proceedings of the International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, Winnipeg, Canada 1992

About The Winnipeg Conference

Taken from the Foreword by Shlomo Navarro and Jonathan Donahaye:

"The present conference meeting was decided upon during the "5th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection" held in Bordeaux in September 1990, when several members of the Permanent Committee of the "International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Grain" decided to hold the meeting in conjunction with the "International Symposium on Stored-Grain Ecosystems" in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada in June, 1992.

The objectives of the conference were:

This conference took place at a crucial moment, with, on one hand, universal realization of the vital importance of continued grain storage conservation for food security at both national and individual levels, and on the other hand, the absence of a coordinated policy to guide the industry in maintaining this objective. There is still a worldwide reliance on fumigants for insect control in grain storage, and yet the intense pressure to phase out methyl bromide as a fumigant, coupled with mounting evidence of development of insect resistance to phosphine places our future reliance upon fumigation in question.

In spite of the urgent need to develop alternative insect control measures, there has been a general lack of institutional responce to the need to introduce already existing controlled atmosphere (CA) technologies into the commercial sphere, one notable exception to this being the stated policy and incentives given in Australia to the introduction and application of CA storage.

The papers presented in the conference proceedings reflect this general lack of policy towards the use of CAs, but they also reflect the widespread interest in this alternative to conventional fumigation, with 35 of the papers relating to CAs, and only 24 to methyl bromide and phosphine. Particular interest in the CA alternative is evidenced in the papers presented by participants from developing countries, and in several cases, this is the first time research groups from these countries have exposed their research objectives and evaluations at an intenrational forum."

Table of Contents and Abstracts

(Most of the abstracts are taken from the "Book of Abstracts" and not from the "Proceedings")

SESSION 1 . CURRENT STATUS OF CA TECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Maria Regina SARTORI Rapporteur's Report

Controlled atmosphere and fumigation in Western Australia - a decade of progress
R.J. DELMENICO
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Controlled atmosphere storage research and technology in Canada
N. D. G. WHITE, D.S. JAYAS, W.E. MUIR and R.N. SINHA
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Current status of controlled atmosphere storage in the Philippines
Glory C. SABIO
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Present and prospective state of the "triple-low" grain storage technique
Huinai XU and Nanyan W ANG
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Carbon dioxide fumigation trials in India
K.S. NARASIMHAN, S. RAJENDRAN, T.S. KRlSHNAMURTHY, Z. CHANDY, P.M. KHEDKAR and M.A. HAKEEM
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Current status of controlled atmosphere storage in Nigeria
S. D. AGBOOLA
Abstract and Full Paper Download

SESSION 2. BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF ARTHROPODS TO TREATMENT WITH CA/FUMIGATION

C.H. BELL, and Z. KORUNIĆ Rapporteur's Report

Low oxygen disinfestation of grain: exposure periods needed for high mortality
P.C. ANNIS and H.A. DOWSETT
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Responses of stored-products insects to phosphine
S. RAJENDRAN
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Controlling rusty grain beetles with controlled atmospheres
G. SHUNMUGAM, D.S. JAYAS and N.D.G. WHITE
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Low oxygen atmospheres for the control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)
Ch. REICHMUTH and T. l. OFUYA
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Nitrogen-flow fumigation for the preservation of wood, textiles, and other organic material from insect damage
Ch. REICHMUTH, A. UNGER, W. UNGER, Gertrude BLASUM, H. PIENING, Patricia ROHDE-HEHR, R. PLARRE, Maja POSCHKO and A. WUDTKE
Abstract and Full Paper Download

SESSION 3 - BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MICROFIORA TO TREATMENT WITH CA/FUMIGATION

Ailsa D. HOCKING Rapporteur's Report

Effects of intergranular gas composition and fumigants on mould growth and mycotoxin production
J. LACEY
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Anaerobic growth of storage yeasts in controlled atmosphere storage of intermediate moisture grains
D. RICHARD-MOLARD and B. CAHAGNIER
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Use of sulphur dioxide to control fungi in stored grain
N. MAGAN
Abstract and Full Paper Download

The use of phosphine for inhibition of fungal growth in stored grains
Ailsa D. HOCKING and H. J. BANKS
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Disinfection with methyl bromide of poultry feed and straw litter contaminated artificially with Salmonella typhimurium
P. DROUIN, Jocelyne PROTAlS, P. DUCOM and ValŽrie DUCOM
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Effect of phosphine and duration of storage on fungal population and some chemical components of soybean meal
O. S. DHARMAPUTRA, H. SUSILO, M. SIDIK and H. HALID
Abstract and Full Paper Download

SESSION 4 - PRESERVATION OF QUALITY IN CA/FUMIGATION STORAGE

E.L. SODERSTROM Rapporteur's Report

Quality changes in grain under controlled atmosphere storage
N.D.G. WHITE and D.S. JAYAS
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Major changes in storage construction and the safe storage of grain in Tianjin
Lianghua GUAN, Rui SUN, Shaojun YANG, Chengguang ZHANG and Bin WANG
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Preservation of grain in hermetically sealed plastic liners with particular reference to storage of barley in Cyprus
S. NAVARRO, A. VARNAVA and E. DONAHAYE
Abstract and Full Paper Download

The mechanism of stored grain insect control and grain quality maintenance by low dosage phosphine fumigation
Zhu Peng QING
Abstract and Full Paper Download

SESSION 5 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE APPLICATION OF CA/FUMIGATION

Digvir S. JAYAS Rapporteur's Report

Uptake and release of fumigants by grain: sorption/desorption phenomena
H.J. BANKS
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Carbon dioxide gas sorption by stored wheat
R. COFIE-AGBLOR, W.E. MUIR. S. CENKOWSKI and D.S. JAYAS
Abstract and Full Paper Download

The combined action of low-temperature, low -oxygen and low-phosphine concentrations in the "Triple-low" grain storage technique
Nan-yan WANG, Quo-qiang ZHANG, Yan-yan ZHANG and Hu-nai XU
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Finite element prediction of three-dimensional carbon dioxide diffusion in grain bins
K. ALAGUSUNDARAM, D. S. JAYAS, W. E. MUIR, N. D.G. WHITE and R. N. SINHA
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Comparison of rate of release of phosphine from some commercial formulations generated under 75% relative humidity and four temperatures
P. DUCOM and C. BOURGES
Abstract and Full Paper Download

A predictive model for phosphine concentration in grain storage structures
P.C. ANNIS and HJ. BANKS
Abstract and Full Paper Download

SESSION 6 - APPLICATION METHODOLOGY OF CA/FUMIGATION (INC1UDING STORAGE SEALING TECHNIQUES)

Christoph REICHMUTH Rapporteur's Report

Flow rates of controlled atmospheres required for maintenance of gas levels in bolted metal farm bins
C. H. BELL, B. CHAKRABARTI, S. T. CONYERS, T. I. WONTNER-SMITH and B. E. LLEWELLIN
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Pre-fumigation to improve safety and efficiency of PH3 grain treatment in the vessel's holds during a voyage
G.A. ZAKLADNOY, B. VACQUER and E.P. BELOBROV
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Effect of delivery rate of carbon dioxide on its distribution in concrete silos and its subsequent impact on the quality of stored corn
Wu-Kang PENG and Chieh-Wu CHEN
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Ducting systems for silo fumigations in Tianjin municipality, China
Rui SUN, Lianghua GUAN, Chengguang ZHANG, Chunhe LIU and Jianhua LUI
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Purge and maintenance rates of carbon dioxide for wheat treatment in a reasonably sealed silo
B. CHAKRABARTI. C.H. BELL. B.E. LLEWELLIN and T.J. WONTNER-SMITH
Abstract and Full Paper Download

SESSION 7 - INTEGRATED PEST CONTROL METHODS

E.L. SODERSTROM Rapporteur's Report

Fumigation decision-making processes: economic losses vs. risks
J. T. CRISWELL, G.W. CUPERUS, W .S. FARGO, R.T. NOYES. B. ADAM, P. KENKEL. E. WILLIAMS. and K. ANDERSON
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Use of a cylinder-based formulation of phosphine as a control strategy for floor-stored grain
C. H. BELL. B. CHAKRABARTI and K. A. MILLS
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Integration of controlled atmosphere and low temperature for disinfestation and control of dried fruit beetles
S. NAVARRO, E. DONAHAYE. Miriam RINDNER. R. DIAS and A. AZRIELI
Abstract and Full Paper Download

The development of Siroflo® in Australia
R.G. WINKS
Abstract and Full Paper Download

SESSION 8 - POTENTIAL THREATS TO CONVENTIONAL FUMIGATION (REGULATORY STATUS, INSECT RESISTANCE, RESIDUES, ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS)

James SARGENT Rapporteur's Report

Potential threat to conventional fumigation from regulatory legislation in European communities
Z. KORUNIĆ
Abstract and Full Paper Download

The federal grain inspection service fumigation policy and procedures
J. GILER
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Methyl bromide fumigation and ozone depletion
J. SARGENT
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Specificity of induced resistance to hypoxia and hypercarbia in two strains of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
E. DONAHAYE and Miriam RINDNER
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Phosphine resistance in stored-product insects
J. L. ZETTLER
Abstract and Full Paper Download

POSTERS SESSION

Effect of carbon dioxide on Prostephanus truncatus (Horn)
L. SUSS. Daria P. LOCATELLI and M. BORIANI
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Sealed stacks: a progress report on the technology
M. SIDIK and J. E. van S. GRAVER
Abstract and Full Paper Download

The effect of decreasing concentrations of carbon dioxide on the survival and development of insect pests of stored-products
M.J. DALES, R.W.D. TAYLOR and A.H. HARRlS
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Sealed storage technology on Australian farms
A. S. ANDREWS and P. C. ANNIS
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Quality changes in peanuts shipped by rail under carbon dioxide
K. HOLD and D.M. WlLSON
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Phyto explo® fumigation: in transit grain fumigation in the holds of a tanker/bulker
B. VACQUER. O. ZAKLADNOY, A. VASILIEV, E. BELOBROV, J. ROGERSON. B. KUGLER and M. ABDULLAEV
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Scanning electron microscope observation of microstructural changes in rice grain during storage
E. BEKKI and L. ZHANG
Abstract and Full Paper Download

A descriptive model for the behavior of phosphine where vessels are damaged while carrying fumigated grain
E.P. BELOBROV, G.A. ZAKLADNOY. B. VACQUER. P. QUESNEL, U. SCHWARTZ and D. COLEMAN
Abstract and Full Paper Download

"Double-low": a synthesis of controlled atmosphere and fumigation techniques for stored grain conservation
Tao MEI-CHUAN and Wang YA-NAN
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Current research with carbon dioxide in Croatia
Darka HAMEL
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Phyto explo® fumigation applied in silos
B. VACQUER, G. ZAKLADNOY, A. VASILIEV, E. BELOBROV, J. ROGERSON, B. KUGLER and M. ABDULLAEV
Abstract and Full Paper Download

Grain preservation by reduction of oxygen concentrations using microorganisms
Jiang ZHONGZHU
Abstract and Full Paper Download