About The Fresno Conference
The International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (formerly the International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Grain Storage) is the leading international meeting reporting on advances in research and development on gaseous treatments applied to protect commodities in storage. These commodities include cereal grains, legumes, root crops, dried fruits and vegetables, and other agricultural products including bulbs and flowers; excluded are CA treatments for quality preservation of fresh agricultural products. The Permanent Committee of the International CAF Conference (in a meeting held during the Conference in Cyprus, 1996) selected the Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory (HCRL), USDA, ARS, in Fresno, to host the present Conference, because the HCRL has been instrumental in implementing advanced dried fruit and nut processing and storage technologies under hot and dry climate conditions of California.
Conference Objectibes
- To report on advances in research and development and the current status of controlled atmosphere and fumigation for insect pests, microflora and quality control in stored products.
- To evaluate and discuss the potential alternative control methods in view of the threat to reduce or phase out use of chemical fumigants in general and methyl bromide in. particular.
- To evaluate the technical, environmental and economical advantages of, and examine the potential for emerging controlled atmosphere technologies.
- To provide a forum for interchange of ideas between government authorities, research agencies and industry.
- To enable the industry to display the latest commodity treatment, monitoring, handling and storage equipment, facilities and services.
- To discuss, disseminate information, and allow transfer of technologies applying controlled atmosphere and fumigation.
Table of Contents Abstracts and Full-Papers
SESSION 1: BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF ARTHROPODS TO TREATMENT WITH CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES AND/OR FUMIGATION
Metabolic heat: a new way of looking at how controlled atmospheres kill insects
A. CARPENTER, C. DOWNES, L. HANSEN, M. SHELTON and R. LILL
Full paper download File size=730k
Susceptibility of the bean bruchid, Acanthoscelides obtectus to two controlled atmospheres at different relative humidities
T.I. OFUYA and Ch. REICHMUTH
Comparative efficacy of controlled atmospheres against insects in durable products
C. ADLER
Full paper download File size=356k
Respiration of Stored Product Pests in Hermetic Conditions
M. Emekci, S. Navarro, E.J. Donahaye, Miriam Rindner and A. Azrieli
Abstract and Full Paper Download File size=344k
Airtight Granary for Use by Subsistence Farmers
A.G. Ferizli, S. Navarro, E.J. Donahaye, Miriam Rindner and A. Azrieli
Abstract and Full Paper Download File size=216k
Phosphine dosage regimes required for high mortality: a data-base approach
P.C. ANNIS
Full paper download File size=2MB
A method for exposure of insect cell cultures to phosphine
S. PRATT
Full paper download File size=368k
Distribution of radio labelled phosphorus in susceptible and resistant Tribolium castaneum after fumigation
C. WATERFORD
Full paper download File size=1,016k
Metabolism of carbonyl sulfide to hydrogen sulfide in insects is catalysed by carbonic anhydrase
VICTORIA HARITOS
Full paper download File size=320k
Does ethyl formate have a role as a rapid grain fumigant ? Preliminary findings
KATHERINE A. DAMCEVSKI and P.C. ANNIS
Full paper download File size=280k
Hydrogen cyanide as an immediate alternative to methyl bromide for structural fumigations
MADELEINE RAMBEAU, DELPHINE BENITEZ, S. DUPUIS and P. DUCOM
Full paper download File size=392k
Control of Ephestia cautella with low levels of methyl bromide and carbon dioxide gas mixtures
GLORY SABIO, S. NAVARRO, E.J. DONAHAYE, MIRIAM RINDNER, A. AZRIELI and R. DIAS
Abstract and Full Paper Download File size=184k
Response of Tribolium castaneum AND Sitophilus zeamais to potential fumigants derived from essential oils of spices
SHUIT H. HO
Full paper download File size=196k
Plant product as a fumigant for the management of stored-product pests
A.C. SHUKLA, S.K. SHAHI, A. DIKSHIT and V.C. SAKSENA
Full paper download File size=212k
Toxicity and joint action of cumin seeds extract with certain controlled atmospheres against some stored product insects
F.A. EL-LAKWAH, R.A. MOHAMED and A.E. ABD EL-AZIZ
Full paper download File size=204k
Preliminary study on chestnut insect disinfestation with sulfuryl fluoride
C. VINGHES and P. DUCOM
Full paper download File size=188k
Toxicity of sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane) to fruit flies in laboratory tests
J.L. ZETTLER, R. GILL, J.W. ARMSTRONG and P.V. VAIL
Full paper download File size=232k
SESSION 2: BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MICROFLORA TO TREATMENT WITH CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES AND/OR FUMIGATION
Effect of modified atmospheres on microflora and respiration of California prunes
J.L. ZETTLER and S. NAVARRO
Abstract and Full Paper Download File size=632k
Effects of phosphine in the development of Aspergillus flavus aflatoxin production in maize grains stored at different moisture contents
MARIA F.P.M. DE CASTRO, M.F.F. LEITAO, J.O. DO VALE, NEURA BRAGNOLO, ELIANE S. ANICHIAREO and K.A. MILLS
SESSION 3: INFLUENCE OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE AND/OR FUMIGATION ON QUALITY PRESERVATION OF STORED PRODUCTS
Preservation of dried fruits and nuts from biodeterioration by natural plant volatiles
NEETA SHARMA
Full paper download File size=256k
Quality preservation of moist paddy under hermetic conditions
E.J. DONAHAYE, S. NAVARRO, S. ANDALES, ANGELITA M. DEL MUNDO, FILIPINAS CALIBOSO, GLORY SABIO, ANGELINA FELIX, MIRIAM RINDNER, A. AZRIELI and R. DIAS
Abstract and Full Paper Download
Reflective covers to prevent condensation in sealed storages in the tropics
E.J. DONAHAYE, S. NAVARRO, GLORY SABIO, MIRIAM RINDNER, A. AZRIELI and R. DIAS
Abstract and Full Paper Download
File size=156k
Storage of dates under carbon dioxide atmosphere for quality preservation
S. NAVARRO, E.J. DONAHAYE, MIRIAM RINDNER and A. AZRIELI
Abstract and Full Paper Download File size=364k
Fumigation of oaten hay for export - alternatives to methyl bromide C.P.F. DE LIMA
Full paper download File size=188k
SESSION 4: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE APPLICATION OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES AND/OR FUMIGATION
Adoption of hermetic storage on milled rice using the Volcani cubeג in the Philippines
CECILIA V. DE DIOS, MARIA FINESA A. COSICO, D.D. JULIAN, J.V. DATOR, ELVIRA M. MARTINEZ and R.L. TIONGSON
Full paper download File size=252k
Measurement of delayed evolution of phosphine from solid formulation through plastic packaging.
J. VAN S. GRAVER and S. PRATT
Full paper download File size=1.2MB
Movement of phosphine gas in upright concrete elevators
C. REED
Full paper download File size=264k
Integration of inert dust into control of storage pests in bulk grain in storage in Australia
SYLVIA ALLEN
Full paper download File size=240k
Prospects of low pressure for use in the disinfestation of stored-products
G.N. MBATA and T.W. PHILLIPS
Full paper download File size=516k
Australian SIROCIRCׂ recirculatory phosphine fumigation systems at Xizui grain terminal and inland depots in China
C. NEWMAN, G. RUSSELL, W. SHORE, D. GOCK and R. RYAN
Full paper download File size=1.1MB
Application of vacuum in a transportable system for insect control
S. NAVARRO, E.J. DONAHAYE, R. DIAS, A. AZRIELI, MIRIAM RINDNER T. PHILLIPS, R. NOYES, P. VILLERS, T. DEBRUIN, R. TRUBY and R. RODRIGUEZ
Abstract and Full Paper Download File size=3.9MB
Field evaluation of aluminum phosphide formulations as a fumigant for the control of storage infestations
M.G. ANDRADA, C.G. ALINGOD, M.E.S. LIM, MARIA FINESA A. COSICO and ELVIRA M. MARTINEZ
Full paper download File size=300k
SESSION 5: APPLICATION METHODOLOGY OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES AND/OR FUMIGATION INCLUDING USE OF CARBON DIOXIDE UNDER INCREASED PRESSURE
Trials of two phosphine generators based on a new formulation of aluminium phosphide
C.J. WATERFORD and P.P. ASHER
Full paper download File size=372k
Comparative evaluation of aluminum phosphide fumigant formulations under sealed enclosure fumigation storage technology (SEFUST)
M.G. ANDRADA, MARIA FINESA A. COSICO and ELVIRA M. MARTINEZ
Full paper download File size=296k
Corn storage under sealed enclosure fumigation storage technology (SEFUST) in NFA operations
P.V. HERRERA, JR., M.G. ANDRADA and ELVIRA M. MARTINEZ
Full paper download File size=244k
Experiences in the transfer of outdoor storage technology among extension workers and users in the Philippine grains industry
R.P. ESTIGOY
Full paper download File size=188k
EC02FUME¨ for postharvest disinfestation of horticulture produce
P. WILLIAMS and R. RYAN
Full paper download File size=260k
ECO2FUMEג: global status update
R. CAVASIN, B. MCSWIGAN, R. RYAN and D. GOCK
Full paper download File size=504k
High dose phosphine fumigation using on-site mixing
B. BRIDGEMAN, R. RYAN, D. GOCK and P. COLLINS
Full paper download File size=532k
Dosing strategies for low oxygen atmosphere replacement in floor-stored grain
C.H. BELL, B.B. HARRAL, S. CONYERS and B.E. LLEWELLIN
Full paper download File size=392k
A new positive pressure system for combatting dilution during phosphine fumigation of bulk grain
K.A. MILLS, T.J. WONTNER-SMITH, D.I. BARTLETT and B.B. HARRAL
Full paper download File size=868k
Disinfestation of stored grains using high- pressure carbon dioxide
H. NAKAKITA, H. IKENAGA and K. TAKAHASHI
Full paper download File size=692k
Effect of smoke on Rhyzopertha dominica and Callosobruchus maculatus mortality and its susceptibility to phosphine
S.N. SINHA, S.P. SINGH and C. SRIVASTAVA
Full paper download File size=220k
New developments in the fumigation of bulk and bagged goods in-transit
C.R. WATSON, W. SZEMJONNECK, N. PRUTHI, D. BUREAU and A. VARNAVA
Full paper download File size=468k
SESSION 6: SEALING TECHNIQUES AND METHODS OF DETERMINING GASTIGHTNESS
Future bulk grain bin design needs related to sealing for optimum pest management: a researcher's view.
M.E. CASADA and R.T. NOYES
Full paper download File size=760k
Future bulk grain bin design needs related to sealing for optimum pest management: a manufacturer's view.
H.L. TOWNE
Full paper download File size=148k
Fumigant confinement and half-loss times in food industry structures and shipping containers
B.M. SCHNEIDER, R.E. WILLIAMS and MICHELLE S. SMITH
Full paper download File size=420k
Fumigation practices in food processing plants: striving for "best practices" through improved efficiencies with sulfuryl fluoride
R.E. WILLIAMS, S. PRABHAKARAN and B.M. SCHNEIDER
Full paper download File size=168k
Phosphine fumigation failures in concrete silos in the southwestern U.S.A.
R.T. NOYES, J. SUBBIAH, J.T. CRISWELL T. PHILLIPS
Full paper download File size=268k and M. TOEWS
Validation of models for controlled atmosphere gas loss from bolted-steel granaries
D.S. JAYAS, N.D.G. WHITE, M.G. PECK and W.E. MUIR
Full paper download File size=344k
Critical limits of sealing for successful application of controlled atmosphere or fumigation
S. NAVARRO and J.L. ZETTLER
Abstract and Full Paper Download File size=324k
SESSION 7: INTEGRATED COMMODITY MANAGEMENT METHODS WITH CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES AND/OR FUMIGATION
Computer modeling for simulating stored-product insect pest population dynamics and insecticide resistance potential in food processing plants
S. PRABHAKARAN, B.M. SCHNEIDER R.E. WILLIAMS and S. RAY
Full paper download File size=356k
Modeling the effects of insect stage and grain temperature on phosphine-induced mortality for Rhyzopertha dominica
P. FLINN, T. PHILLIPS, D. HAGSTRUM, F. ARTHUR and J. THRONE
Full paper download File size=736k
The internet as a tool for managing grain insect resistance to fumigants on Australian farms
R.N. EMERY, R.A. TASSONE and E. KOSTAS
Full paper download File size=212k
Combining controlled atmosphere disinfestation with non-chemical protective treatments in an integrated pest management approach to insect control in postharvest dried fruits and nuts
J.A. JOHNSON, P.V. VAIL, D.G. BRANDL, J.S. TEBBETS and K.A. VALERO
Full paper download File size=72k
Integrated pest management, including fumigation provision, of tradersױ stocks in northern Ghana
P. GOLOB, B. TRAN and H.F. ANDAN
Full paper download File size=2.1MB
Trial on the storage of mungbean seed in airtight storage
BUSSARA CHANKAEWMANEE, PORNTHIP VISARATHANONDH and SUWIMOL THANORMSUB
Full paper download File size=324k
Training needs for fumigation of stored products in Central Africa
MISPA MOUEN
Full paper download File size=132k
SESSION 8: POTENTIAL THREATS TO CONVENTIONAL CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE AND/OR FUMIGATION (REGULATORY, INSECT RESISTANCE)
Phosphine resistance: where to now?
K.A. MILLS
Full paper download File size=212k
Combating Resistance to Phosphine in Australia
P.J. COLLINS, G.J. DAGLISH, M.K. NAYAK, P.R. EBERT, D. SCHLIPALIUS, W. CHEN, HERVOIKA PAVIC, TINA M LAMBKIN, ROSEMARY KOPITTKE, and B.W. BRIDGEMAN
Full paper download File size=376k
Relationship between phosphine resistance and narcotic knockdown in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.)
YANG CAO and DIANXUAN WANG
Full paper download File size=280k
The toxicity of phosphine in combination with 5% and 10% carbon dioxide against all stages of a strongly phosphine-resistant strain of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)
T.A. LAMBKIN
Full paper download File size=192k
SESSION 9: QUARANTINE AND REGULATORY ISSUES PERTAINING TO THE USE OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES AND/OR FUMIGATION
Sub-lethal effects of controlled atmospheres on insects: detection and quarantine implications.
A. CARPENTER, I.A.N. STRINGER, M.A. POTTER and C.W. VAN EPENHUIJSEN
Full paper download File size=316k
Natural occurrence of ethyl formate and carbonyl sulfide in grains
Y.L. REN and J.M. DESMARCHELIER
Full paper download File size=652k
The AQIS standard for quarantine fumigations with methyl bromide
JUDITH DOWNEY, G. EDDY, H..J. BANKS and J. VAN S. GRAVER
Full paper download File size=164k
Methods to test the efficacy of phosphine fumigation to control hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), in large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales of exported hay
VICTORIA Y. YOKOYAMA and GINA T. MILLER
Full paper download File size=176k
SESSION 10: SAMPLING AND TRAPPING TO MONITOR INSECT POPULATIONS IN RELATION TO CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES AND/OR FUMIGATION
Commercialization of the electronic grain probe insect counter
D. SHUMAN and NANCY D. EPSKY
Full paper download File size=1.8MB
Monitoring fumigation effectiveness using bioassays of mixed aged cultures of target pests.
B. BRIDGEMAN and P. COLLINS
Full paper download File size=284k
Trapping and sampling stored-product insects before and after commercial fumigation treatments
T.W. PHILLIPS, C.W. DOUD, M.D. TOEWS, C. REED, D. HAGSTRUM and P. FLINN
Full paper download File size=644k
Some issues to consider when judging effectiveness of stored-product insect control measures in mills
B. SUBRAMANYAM and P.W. FLINN
Use of sampling information for timing fumigations at grain elevators
C. REED, D. HAGSTRUM, P.W. FLINN and T. PHILLIPS
Full paper download File size=304k
POSTERS SESSION
In-transit disinfestation in freight containers using carbon dioxide: an operations manual
J. VAN S. GRAVER, H.J. BANKS and A.K. SHARP
Full paper download File size=132k
The effect of temperature and exposure times on the survival of Sitophilus oryzae L. in an on-site generated controlled atmosphere
A. CONTESSI, N. BALDASSARI and M. MAGGIOLI
Full paper download File size=1.4MB
Carbon dioxide under high pressure for stored-product protection in temperate climates
SABINE PROZELL and C. REICHMUTH
Full paper download File size=200k
Pheromone traps for monitoring Lasioderma serricorne F. and Ephestia elutella (Hbn.) in stored tobacco in Portugal
MARIA OTILIA CARVALHO, ANA PAULA PEREIRA and A. MEXIA
Full paper download File size=1.1MB
Fumigation of paddy rice and rice products with ethyl formate
R. REUSS, P. ANNIS and Y. KHATRI
Full paper download File size=340k
Temperature as management tool for fumigation of concrete silos in Cape Verde islands
A. MAIA, A. BARBOSA, ANA PAULA PEREIRA, P. CARDOSO and A. MEXIA
Full paper download File size=228k
Comparative responses of three psocid species (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) to five fumigants
J. RIUDAVETS, KATHERINE. A. DAMCEVSKI and P.C. ANNIS
Full paper download File size=240k
Propylene oxide. a registered fumigant, a proven insecticide
T. GRIFFITH and M. WARREN
Full paper download File size=132k
Rice milling as an alternative to methyl bromide for control of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.)
VALERIE DUCOM-GALLERNE and C. VINGHES
Full paper download File size=224k
Determination of methyl bromide residues in װfuzzyױ cottonseed
G. DOJCHINOV and VICTORIA HARITOS
Full paper download File size=320k
Time to kill phosphine resistant Rhyzopertha dominica using a concentration profile typical of field exposure
P.C. ANNIS and HELEN A. DOWSETT
Full paper download File size=544k
Moistened charcoal (with or without copper sulphate) - a potential scrubber for phosphine
GAYE WELLER, C. WHITTLE and C. WATERFORD
Full paper download File size=500k
Is phosphine a component of concern in rumen gas in cattle?
C. WATERFORD and S. PRATT
Full paper download File size=524k
Phosphine residues remaining in aluminium phosphide preparations after burial
J. VAN S. GRAVER and C.P. WHITTLE
Full paper download File size=220k
The combined effect of heat and carbon dioxide on diapausing larvae of the khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium
MIRIAM RINDNER, S. NAVARRO, E.J. DONAHAYE, R. DIAS, A. AZRIELI and GLORY SABIO
Postharvest insect control on harvested Dendrobium orchids
TIFFANIE SIMPSON, V. BIKOBA, J. SHANNON, M.I. WIBAWA and ELIZABETH J. MITCHAM
Full paper download File size=552k
Quarantine treatment on cut flowers by natural fumigants
M. KOSTYUKOVSKY and E. SHAAYA
Full paper download File size=168k
An investigation into the occurrence of phosphine resistance in stored-product insects collected at various grain storage facilities in Morocco
H. BENHALIMA, M.Q. CHAUDHRY, K.A. MILL and N.R. PRICE
Full paper download File size=2.2MB
PHOSCARD¨: phosphine fumigation detector cards for farmers
R.N. EMERY and E. KOSTAS
Full paper download File size=648k